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The idea was simple things will always remain the way they appear in reality irrespective of our illusions and imaginations. This lays an important distinction of cubism as a form of art movement because other movements also tried to represent their ideas alongside cubism. Finally, simultaneity allows different points of view to be presented together.Ĭottington observes that cubism builds on a kind of realism that aims at depicting the world on a “as it is” basis as opposed on “as it seems” basis (12). Additionally, passage allows for overlap and interpenetration of planes. Other characteristics are distortion and misrepresentation of forms in a natural world. Cubism also follows conceptual as opposed to perceptual frameworks in representing reality.
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Geometricity means simplification of objects while allowing for approximation of the fourth dimension. This fact will be specifically important when analyzing Frost’s poem “Out, Out.”Ĭubism exhibits a number of characteristics that help it to be distinguished from other forms of art. It is also important to note that cubism majorly originated from painting before spreading to other artistic forms like music and literature. All these were instrumental in its attempt to represent a fourth dimension. As an idea, cubism depended on three main elements of geometry, simplicity, and passage. Similarly, cubism can be controversially described as either gallery cubism or salon cubism depending on where the cubists were displaying their work.Īs argued above, Cubism originated as an idea then became a style. This seems to be the basis on which Cottington (6) argues that Braque’s L’Estaque influenced the use of the term Cubism and identification of a particular style while Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d'Avignon inspired the principles and ideas behind cubism in later years. Vauxcelles description of this work is important because he presided over the Salon d’Automme event as a jury where Braque’s L’Estaque was shown in 1908. The work has been described by art critic Louis Vauxcelles as nothing but “cubes”. In fact, Braque is honored for originating the word cubism from his L’Estaque work. Other prominent art historians have expounded the controversy by their argument that George Braque’s works of L’Estaque, depicting landscapes, were the first recorded cubist painting in 1908. Cottington (6) argues that this literary association can be true especially because the work is known as the first to have used the three elements of cubism: geometricity, simultaneity and passage. However, Picasso's work Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) is considered as the first cubist painting in most of the literature about cubism. This made their influence in the movement limited. His work together with that of George Braque, who worked alongside the famous Les Demoiselles d'Avignon were not shown to the public until 1916. The controversy then sets in trying to examine why Picasso’s work was not exhibited in the first exhibition of cubists in 1912. Notable among these artists is Pablo Picasso whose 1906 works of painting are regarded as the first expressive works of cubism. The origin of cubism as an artistic movement is controversial among several artists associated with its beginning. This paper discusses cubism as an art movement that existed in early 20th century and explains how cubism relates to Frost’s poem “Out, Out” and Mohamed Mughal’s novel Resolution 786. The aim of cubism is to present an object from more points of view and to a greater context. Cubists analyze objects before breaking them up and reassembling them in an abstractive form. It used geometry, passage and simultaneity while describing visual terms. Cubism is one example of such artistic movements. The contribution of these movements to the artistic works found in the museum is important in trying to understand intricacies of life as passed down the generations through art. These movements influenced the artists during the earlier time and even today. Several artistic movements have occurred during different periods in history shaping the view and expression of literary forms.